![]() ![]() Pluses (+) and minuses (-) indicate whether items increase or decrease net income. The following is a representative format for a real estate income statement. Real estate income statements are somewhat specialized to reflect the industry’s workings. It will help to understand how to calculate net income and NOI by discussing the income statement for properties. The balance sheet reports retained earnings, which owners can use to draw funds from the business. At the end of the reporting period, you add net income to (or subtract net loss from) retained earnings. We also call it net income, profit or the bottom line. That is, it includes all the revenues and expenses that we excluded from NOI. ![]() Net income encompasses all revenues and expenses, not just operational ones. Obviously, it is like NOI, except that we use EBITDA when measuring the performance of companies rather than properties. You will sometimes encounter the term EBITDA, which stands for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. However, you’ll exclude these costs from NOI. Management Incentives: Properties, like hotels, might provide bonuses to hotel managers who perform well.Additionally, it covers items like office supplies, data processing costs and so forth. Similarly, it includes indirect labor costs for accounting, legal, marketing and other functions. Company Overhead: These are expenses arising from the company that owns the properties.Capital Expenditures: These create assets that reside on the balance sheet rather than as expenses on the income statement.In addition, properties typically appreciate over time, making amortization and depreciation less meaningful. In fact, they are not real-world expenses. These items are essentially for income tax preparation and reporting. Depreciation and Amortization: These are non-cash expenses that you accumulate on a balance sheet.Income Taxes: Your income tax bill relates to your net income rather than your NOI.Rather, you can decide how much debt to take on separately from how you operate your properties. That is, the relative amounts of debt and equity shouldn’t affect the operation of the property. Interest: You want to analyze a property’s operations independently of its capital structure.However, NOI ignores specific expenditures: Fees paid to a property management company.Maintenance costs (indoor and outdoor, including snow removal).There can be numerous operation expenses relevant to NOI in commercial real estate. However, if you operate a fix-and-flip business, you should include gains and losses in NOI. Normally, you exclude property sale gains (and losses) from NOI because they are usually singular, non-recurring events. ![]() Specifically, property revenues include rents, as well as various fees for maintenance, servicing, parking and so forth. In other words, it shows you whether you collect enough revenues to pay for all necessary operational expenses. In the context of real estate, NOI represents how well you operate your properties. Let’s look at the characteristics of both terms before we discuss how to calculate net income and NOI. Truthfully, both are essential elements for reporting and managing the financial condition of a real estate project. On the other hand, net income incorporates all factors that contribute to a profit. While both are indicators of profit and loss, NOI comprehends only your operational efficiency. Two key terms we use to analyze revenues and expenses are net income and net operating income (NOI). The task of making a profit from a real estate investment rests on the ability to earn more than you spend. Finally, we review a helpful example of NOI and answer some frequently asked questions. Additionally, we see how the real estate income statement is specialized to report information related to rental properties. Equally important, we show how to calculate net income from a balance sheet and from an income statement. We then describe how to calculate net income and NOI using the net income formula. In this article, we answer “What is Net Income?” as well as “What is NOI?”. ![]()
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